利用公路桥梁、公路隧道、涵洞铺设电缆等设施的审批
百度 最近中东发生了一件事情，之前由于卡塔尔的断交事件已经令大家十分感兴趣，现在又发生了叙利亚战斗机被美国击落的事情，更是让更多人开始关注中东形势。
This documentation is transcluded from Template:Cite book/doc.
 | This template employs some extremely complicated or esoteric features of template syntax. Please do not attempt to alter it unless you are certain that you understand the setup and are prepared to repair/revert any consequent collateral damage if the results are unexpected. Any experiments should be conducted in a sandbox or your userspace. |
 | This template is used by {{Published}}. If you add or remove parameters from this template, please update {{Published}} and {{Published/row}} as well. Experiments can be conducted in the template sandbox and tested on the testcases page. |
Usage
This template may be used to cite books and similar works.
Template
Commonly used parameters (with author's first and last name)
{{cite book
|last =
|first =
|authorlink =
|coauthors =
|editor-last =
|editor-first =
|editor-link =
|coeditors =
|editor-type =
|chapter =
|chapterurl =
|title =
|url =
|archiveurl =
|archivedate =
|edition =
|format =
|volume =
|isbn =
|oclc =
|location =
|publisher =
|year =
|page =
|pages =
|nopp =
|at =
|quote =
|lang =
}}
or
{{cite book |last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |editor-last= |editor-first= |editor-link= |coeditors= |editor-type= |chapter= |chapterurl= |title= |url= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |format= |edition= |volume= |isbn= |oclc= |location= |publisher= |year= |page= |pages= |nopp= |at= |quote= |lang=}}
Commonly used parameters (with author's full name)
{{cite book
|author =
|authorlink =
|coauthors =
|editors =
|editor-link =
|coeditors =
|editor-type =
|chapter =
|chapterurl =
|title =
|url =
|archiveurl =
|archivedate =
|edition =
|format =
|volume =
|isbn =
|oclc =
|location =
|publisher =
|year =
|page =
|pages =
|nopp =
|at =
|quote =
|lang =
}}
or
{{cite book |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |editors= |editor-link= |coeditors= |editor-type= |chapter= |chapterurl= |title= |url= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |format= |edition= |volume= |isbn= |oclc= |location= |publisher= |year= |page= |pages= |nopp= |at= |quote= |lang=}}
All parameters
The following sample template contains all available parameters. Unused parameters can be omitted.
{{cite book
|last =
|first =
|author =
|authorlink =
|coauthors =
|others =
|editor-last =
|editor-first =
|editor =
|editor-link =
|editor-type =
|coeditors =
|chapter =
|chapterurl =
|title =
|url =
|archiveurl =
|archivedate =
|accessdate =
|accessmonth =
|accessyear =
|edition =
|format =
|series =
|volume =
|doi =
|isbn =
|oclc =
|id =
|location =
|publisher =
|date =
|month =
|year =
|origdate =
|origmonth =
|origyear =
|page =
|pages =
|nopp =
|at =
|number =
|quote =
|language =
|postscript =
|lang =
|ref =
}}
or
{{cite book |last= |first= |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |others= |editor-last= |editor-first= |editor= |editor-link= |coeditors= |editor-type= |chapter= |chapterurl= |title= |url= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |accessdate= |accessmonth= |accessyear= |edition= |format= |series= |volume= |doi= |isbn= |oclc= |id= |location= |publisher= |date= |month= |year= |origdate= |origmonth= |origyear= |page= |pages= |nopp= |at= |number= |quote= |language= |postscript= |lang= |ref=}}
Parameters
All parameters are optional unless otherwise indicated.
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| Names of author(s) and editor(s) | |
| last | The last and first names of the primary author of the book. They will appear in the order "Doe, John". Alternatively, use |author= to state the primary author's name in its usual order ("John Doe").
|
| first | |
| author | The name of the primary author of the book. It will appear exactly as indicated. Alternatively, use |last= and |first= to state the primary author's name in the order "Doe, John".
|
| authorlink | A link to a Wikipedia article about the primary author, in the following format: ":en:Mark Twain".
|
| coauthors | The name(s) of the co-author(s) of the book. Names can be wikilinked, if desired. Separate a series of names with semicolons, like this: "[[:en:Harry Woolf, Baron Woolf|Lord Woolf]]; Jeffrey Jowell; Andrew Le Sueur; Catherine M. Donnelly". (You may also link to an article at the English Wikipedia like this: "[[w:Mark Twain|Mark Twain]]" or "{{w|Mark Twain}}".)
|
| others | The name(s) of other persons associated with the book, such as illustrators ("John Doe, ill.") and translators ("John Doe, transl.").
|
| editor-last | The last and first names of the primary editor of the book. They will appear in the order "Doe, John". Alternatively, use |editor= to state the primary editor's name in its usual order ("John Doe").
|
| editor-first | |
| editor | The name of the primary editor of the book. It will appear exactly as indicated. Alternatively, use |editor-last= and |editor-first= to state the primary editor's name in the order "Doe, John".
|
| editor-link | A link to a Wikipedia article about the primary editor, in the following format: ":en:Mark Twain".
|
| editor-type | The type of editor, such as "ed.-in-chief" (editor-in-chief), "gen. ed." (general editor) or "series ed." (series editor). If this parameter is omitted, the template indicates "ed." or "eds.".
|
| coeditors | The name(s) of the co-editor(s) of the book. For formatting information, see |coauthors=.
|
| Chapter and title | |
| chapter | The title of the chapter of the book. |
| chapterurl | The URL (website) where a copy of the chapter can be accessed. |
| title | (Mandatory) The title of the book. |
| url | The URL where a copy of the book can be accessed. |
| archiveurl | The URL of an archival copy of the website, and the date when the archival copy was created. (You may be able to find an archival copy at the Internet Archive Wayback Machine, or archive the website yourself at WebCite.) You must use these two parameters together. |
| archivedate | |
| accessdate | The date when the website specified using |url= was accessed. Alternatively, use |accessmonth= and |accessyear=, or |accessyear= alone.
|
| accessmonth | The month and year when the website specified using |url= was accessed. |Accessyear= can also be used on its own. Alternatively, use |accessdate= to specify the full date.
|
| accessyear | |
| edition | The edition of the book. Do not add "edition" or "ed." as this will be added by the template. It is not necessary to use this parameter if you are citing the first edition of a book.
|
| format | The format that an online copy of the book is in, for example, "DOC" for a Microsoft Word document, "PDF" for a document in Portable Document Format and "TXT" for a text file. It is not necessary to use this parameter for websites in HTML format.
|
| series | The series that the book was published as a part of. |
| volume | The volume of the book you are citing. |
| doi | The digital object identifier of the book, such as "10.1080/14672715.2010.507389".
|
| isbn | The International Standard Book Number of the book, such as "978-981-236-795-2". This number can be ascertained by visiting WorldCat or other online library catalogues.
|
| oclc | The Online Computer Library Center number of the book, such as "646234864". This number can be ascertained by visiting WorldCat.
|
| id | Some other identification number(s) of the book. |
| Imprint information | |
| location | The location where the book was published. |
| publisher | The publisher of the book. The name may be wikilinked like this: "{{w|Simon & Schuster}}" (for an English Wikipedia article); "[[:fr:Hachette Livre|Hachette Livre]]" (for a French Wikipedia article).
|
| date | The date when the book was published. The date can be indicated in any format accepted by {{ISOdate}}. Alternatively, use |month= and |year=, or |year= alone.
|
| month | The month and year in which the book was published. |Year= can also be used on its own. Alternatively, use |date= to state the full date when the book was published.
|
| year | |
| origdate | The date when the book was originally published, if this different from the date of the current publication. For formatting information, see |date=. Alternatively, use |origmonth= and |origyear=, or |origyear= alone.
|
| origmonth | The month and year in which the book was originally published, if this is different from the month and year of the current publication. |Origyear= can also be used on its own. Alternatively, use |origdate= to state the full date of original publication.
|
| origyear | |
| Pinpoint information | |
| page | The page or pages on which the information cited can be found. Use an en dash to separate a range of pages, like this: "425–430".
|
| pages | |
| nopp | Use "nopp=on" or "nopp=y" to turn off "p." (page) or "pp." (pages), or their equivalents in other languages, that appear before a page number or range of page numbers.
|
| number | When a number is more appropriate than a page (for example for a catalogue of an artist's work) |
| at | Use this parameter to cite paragraph(s) ("para(s).") or section(s) ("sect(s)." or "§(§)"), if |page=, |pages= and |number= are not appropriate.
|
| Other parameters | |
| quote | A quotation from the book. |
| language | The language that the book is in. Use "language=xx", where xx is a supported language code.
|
| postscript | If this parameter is omitted, a full stop or period is inserted at the end of the citation. To suppress the full stop, use "postscript=no". To use some other punctuation mark, use one of the following: "postscript=,", "postscript=<nowiki>;</nowiki>", "postscript=<nowiki>:</nowiki>".
|
| lang | To have the text in this template appear in a different language, use "lang=xx", where xx is a supported language code. If you are familiar with templates, you can add text in additional languages by editing {{Cite book/label}}.
|
| ref | This parameter is used to "bookmark" the citation so that it can be linked to elsewhere on the page. For example, let us say the reference "Broberg" is inserted into a citation, like this: "{{cite book|author=Gunnar Broberg|title=Carl Linnaeus|location=Stockholm|publisher=Swedish Institute|year=2006|ref=Broberg}}". If the citation is then referred to elsewhere on the page like this – "The 32-year-old Linnaeus in his wedding finery. Oil painting by J.H. Scheffel, 1739.<sup>[[#Broberg|Broberg 2006]]</sup>" – a reader who clicks on the link "Broberg 2006" will be brought directly to the citation.
|